Ustad Maula Bakhsh (1833-1896), born in Bhiwani, Haryana, made a lasting impact on Baroda’s musical heritage, thanks to the invitation of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. On February 26, 1886, a Music College was established in Baroda, now known as the Faculty of Performing Arts, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, with Ustad Maula Bakhsh appointed as its first Principal.
Known affectionately as Chole, Ustad Maula Bakhsh was celebrated as one of North India’s finest singers and a maestro in the Carnatic style of music. His expertise extended to playing the Rudra Veena with exceptional skill. As Principal of the Music College, he revolutionized musical education by creating a formal system of instruction. He developed a unique system of musical notation, which allowed for systematic teaching and has influenced academic curricula at music colleges across the country.
Ustad Maula Bakhsh’s relationship with the Gaekwads began earlier, when he served as a court musician under Maharaja Khanderao Gaekwad. Afterward, he went to the Mysore Darbar but returned to Baroda upon the invitation of Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. This return marked a pivotal moment in the establishment of the Gayan Shala (Music College) in Baroda.
His innovative approach and openness to experimentation in performing arts greatly impressed Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III. This admiration led to the creation of the Gayan Shala, a testament to Ustad Maula Bakhsh’s dedication to music education.
Under his guidance, his grandson, Ustad Inayat Khan, emerged as a renowned Sufi saint and exceptional singer, continuing the musical legacy. After Ustad Maula Bakhsh’s passing in 1896, Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III extended his patronage to Ustad Maula Bakhsh’s son, Allauddin. Encouraged by the Maharaja, Allauddin traveled to Europe to explore the fusion of Western classical and Indian music. Although Allauddin faced health issues upon his return, this initiative laid the groundwork for the fusion of Indo-Western musical styles, showcasing the Maharaja’s visionary prowess.
Ustad Maula Bakhsh’s legacy was carried forward by his grandson Ustad Inayat Khan and later by Ustad Faiyaz Khan, who also taught at the Music College. The various spellings of his surname—Bakhsh, Baksh, Bax, or Bux—reflect the diverse ways in which his influence has been acknowledged over time.
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