In the early 18th century, Pilajirao Gaekwad, a prominent leader, faced territorial claims from Bande. In response, Pilajirao strategically selected Songadh, a rugged hill fort in a remote location, as his stronghold. This decision was pivotal for his military and political maneuvers.
Seizure, Reconstruction, and Strengthening of Songadh
Pilajirao Gaekwad initially captured Songadh from its indigenous Mehvasi Bhil ruler and fortified the position. In 1728-29, Pilajirao undertook a major reconstruction of the fort, enhancing its defence capabilities. The fort was meticulously re-made to serve as a formidable stronghold. By 1719, after a decisive victory over an army led by Sayad Akil and Muhammad Panah—who was wounded, captured, and later released on a substantial ransom—Pilajirao established Songadh as his headquarters.
Architectural Significance
Songadh Fort, built deliberately on top of a high hill, was designed as a vantage point to monitor enemy movements. This strategic location underscores its military importance. The fort is also a remarkable example of ancient architecture, showcasing the influences of both Mughal and Maratha styles. Its construction reflects the blending of these distinct architectural traditions, which contributed to its fortification and aesthetic appeal.
Role of Songadh
From 1729 to 1766, Songadh served as the main station and headquarters of the Gaekwads. It was from this strategic location that Pilajirao managed the activities of his forces, known as the three pagas, and coordinated with allies such as Bande and Pawar as directed by his master. The fort played a crucial role in consolidating Gaekwad authority and served as their de facto capital until Damaji Gaekwad moved the headquarters to Patan in 1766.
Significance and Strategic Moves
Throughout his tenure, Pilajirao frequently returned to Songadh after campaigns. At the end of a year’s campaign, Bande Songadh would return to Khandesh, while Pilajirao would retire to his stronghold of Songadh. Around the same time, his master, the Senapati, established his headquarters at Dabhoi, not far from Baroda. Dabhoi was a significant location, having been captured by Pilajirao from Udaji Pawar, and it became a regular base of operations for the Senapati.
The Efforts
Pilajirao’s influence extended beyond Songadh. He and his allies continued to enforce tribute collection and strengthen their position in the region. Pilajirao’s strategic alliances, including with the Baja of Rajpipla, and his integration of local groups like the Bhils and Kolis, further solidified the Gaekwad’s power.
Legacy
Songadh remained a symbol of the Gaekwad’s rise and resilience. The fort’s reconstruction in 1728-29 and its role as the main station from 1729 to 1766 underscore its historical and strategic significance. An inscription at the fort commemorates this important period, noting its transformation and enduring role in the Gaekwad dynasty. The fort’s architectural grandeur and strategic location continue to reflect its historical and cultural importance.
Currently, only one tower near the main gate of Songadh Fort remains intact, while the remaining towers have deteriorated into ruins due to lack of maintenance. The fort’s premises house various facilities such as a police outpost, a flood wireless center, and a forest department outpost. Additionally, several stone quarries to the west and south of the fort have weakened the fortifications over time due to blasting activities.
Partial Info Source: Baroda State Gazetteer Vol 1
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