Situated at the exact midpoint of the old walled city, Mandvi Gate is not merely a gateway; it is a pavilion or “Mandapa” standing proudly at the intersection of the two cardinal streets of the city. This solitary structure is part of a larger historical context, connected to the fort known as Kila-e-Daulatabad.
The Origins of Mandvi and Kila-e-Daulatabad
Before Baroda became a fortified walled city, it was known as “Vatapatraka,” located on the eastern banks of the Vishwamitri River. It was one of 25 districts governed by nobles under the Gujarat Sultanate. In 1511, Khalil Khan ascended as the sultan of Gujarat and constructed the fort of Kila-e-Daulatabad to the east of Vatapatraka. Over time, the village’s population migrated toward the security of this newly built fort.
The fort, attributed to designer Rumin Khan, was approximately a square of 800 meters per side, based on the game “Chopat” (similar to Ludo). Two major streets aligned with the cardinal directions divided this square into four smaller squares. Each side of the fort was pierced by gates, with Mandvi Pavilion standing at the center where these streets intersected.
Though 90% of the fort walls have eroded over time, the Mandvi pavilion and its gates remain as significant remnants of the past.
The Architectural Significance of Mandvi
The name “Mandvi” derives from the Sanskrit word “mandapa,” meaning a pillared hall. Originally built as a double-storey pavilion by the sultan, the Gaekwads later added the upper two storeys. This square-shaped structure features three bold arched openings on each side, adorned with niches of varying sizes and shapes. It is believed that Mandvi served as a toll collection point for merchants and a platform for public announcements.
In 1736 AD, under Damaji Rao II’s orders, Governor Malharao Maloji renovated the pavilion. Later, in 1856, Ganpatrao Gaekwad added the upper two storeys along with a clock that sits atop the structure.
The pavilion features a staircase that spirals through a cylindrical tower, leading to the upper level. Changes to its structure occurred over the years, particularly moving the staircase tower from the south-eastern to the north-eastern corner and converting earlier wooden upper storeys to concrete. Despite these modifications, the original wooden jaalis remain intact.
A Symbol of Pride and Celebration
During the Gaekwadi era, Mandvi Gate was a source of pride for both the royal family and the city’s residents. A flag mast at the top of the mandapa once displayed the saffron-colored Gaekwadi flag, known as “Jai Nishaan Baba.” Each day, the flag was hoisted at dawn and lowered at dusk, accompanied by trumpet calls, cannon shots, and the rhythmic beating of the giant nagaara drum. The proud citizens would bow their heads in respect during this ceremonial event.
Important proclamations were made from the terrace of the pavilion, emphasizing its significance. The structure was so esteemed that only the Maharaja’s elephant, horse-drawn carriage, or Rolls Royce could pass through its arches.
A Center of Festivities
Mandvi Gate holds a cherished place in the hearts of the people of Baroda, serving as the center of festive celebrations. During festivals, the pavilion is adorned with vibrant lights, enchanting children and families visiting the lively surrounding markets brimming with energy and excitement.
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